Alkalinity test in natural waters alkalinity is most commonly the result of bicarbonate and carbonate ions.
Boiler water hardness limit.
It is desirable to keep the concentration of phosphates in the water to 30 50 ppm in order for complete reaction of the phosphates with the calcium hardness entering the.
In treated waters alkalinity may also be contributed by hydroxide phosphate silicate and.
Hardness compounds predominantly calcium and magnesium salts collect on heat transfer.
In order for this reaction to take place it is important to maintain a ph at a minimum value of 9 50.
This value will limit the silica content of the steam to 0 25 ppm as a function of selective.
A boiler that makes up 4000 gal day of water having 100 ppm of hardness has a potential of accumulating over 1000 pounds of scale per year.
Asme limits conductivity 7000 umhos neutralized.
Maximum flow velocities in water systems water velocities in pipes and tubes should not exceed certain limits.
Iron oxide is of particular concern in today s boiler water treatment programs.
Presented by cleaver brooks steve connor.
73 control feed of chemicals that prevent scale.
Phosphates are used to react with calcium hardness in the boiler water.
Feed water boiler water characteristics as per is 10392 1982 1 feed water parameters upto 20 kg cm2 21 kg cm2 to 39 kg cm2 40 kg cm2 to 59 kg cm2 unit total hardness 10 1 0 0 5 ppm as caco 3 ph value 8 5 9 5 8 5 9 5 8 5 9 5 dissolved oxygen.
Feed water purity is a matter both of quantity of impurities and nature of impurities.
For boiler water the conductivity increases at the rate of approximately 2 of the value at 25 c for every 1 c increase in temperature.
A serious loss of boiler efficiency and possibly boiler failure.
Feed water treatment to avoid corrosion make up water to steam boilers should be treated with oxygen scavengers to avoid serious corrosion problems.
Conductivity control in the boiler.
The purity requirements for any feed water depend on how much feed water is used as well as what the particular boiler design pressure heat transfer rate.
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An increase in temperature results in an increase in electrical conductivity.
General guidelines to prevent corrosion and scaling in low pressure boilers are as follows.
Scale is a buildup of solid material formed on internal boiler surfaces when the concentration of impurities in the boiler water exceeds their solubility limit and precipitation occurs.
A boiler water sample has an unneutralised conductivity of 5 000 μs cm at 25 c.
Some impurities such as hardness iron and silica are of more concern for example than sodium salts.
Total alkalinity 600 ppm maximum.
Water treatment recommendations vary depending on the operating pressure of the boiler the application steam or hot water and other parameters.
Deposition from low less than 1 0 ppm hardness boiler feedwater is eliminated with chelant programs and can be reduced by up to 95 by a good polymer phosphate treatment program.
Steam boiler rating and feed water temperature boiler output and feed water.
Small amounts of hardness and iron can get into the boiler.
